Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Psychological well-being and mental health of elderly inmates are investigated by the international organizations, committees, and researchers. One of the main factors that influence their quality of life, daily mood, and well-being is interpersonal relationship. Numerous empirical data confirm the importance of interpersonal relationship, and attitudes toward aging. A definition of attitude item can be explained as an evaluation of a stimulus as reflected in our cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses to the problem (Fiske &Taylor, 1991). In the field of geriatric psychology, research has focused on the problem of interpersonal relationship between elderly people and workers in prison environments. Prison officers are in interpersonal relationship with inmates and have responsibility for the safety, and security of the prison facility, and also for managing organizational demands (Schaufeli & Peeters, 2000). Some researchers have shown that the health, and wellbeing of prison officers remain poor, and risk of being affected by different mental health problems, as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (Viotti, 2016).
A systematic review of research and policy papers, articles that published on interpersonal relationship between elderly inmates and officers in correctional facilities, also effective programs outcomes were conducted. The main symptoms of the problem were measured with a special checklist and questionnaires. The quality of life was measured QOL survey that was made based on WHO (World Health Organization) QOL questionnaire. 200 elderly prisoners have been involved in the research from different prison regimes of Azerbaijan correctional facilities between 2019-2020.
A systematic approach in psychological work with elderly prisoners, also officers allows for the transition from a symptomatic to a personality-oriented level of psychological impact. Psychological emotional support can renew their hope on life, influence positive outcomes of the support program. According to the results of repeated psychological research, the patient's condition was characterized by positive dynamics: the level of psychological distress and the intensity of psychological distress significantly decreased, the general internality of the personality increased, as well as the subjective assessment of personal well-being.
It is necessary to focus the attention of specialists on the advisability of using psycho-educational programs in a prison environment, providing information about the aging dynamically. Such programs, used at the initial stages of work with patients, contribute to the creation of motivation for personal psychotherapy and significantly increase its effectiveness.
References
Aday, R. H., & Krabill, J. J. (2012). Older and geriatric offenders: Critical issues for the 21st century. Special needs offenders in correctional institutions, 1, 203-233. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452275444.n7
Aldwin, C. M., & Levenson, M. R. (2001). Stress, coping, and health at midlife: A developmental perspective. In M. E. Lachman (Ed.), Handbook of midlife development, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 188–214.
Aldwin, C. M., Spiro, A. III, & Park, C. L. (2006). Health, Behavior, and Optimal Aging: A Life Span Developmental Perspective. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaire (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging, Elsevier. 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012101264-9/50008-2
Aldwin, C. M., Park, C. L., Choun, S., & Lee, H. (2018). The impact of military service on stress, health, and well-being in later life. In A. Spiro III, R. A. Settersten, Jr., & C. M. Aldwin (Eds.), Long-term outcomes of military service: The health and well-being of aging veterans, American Psychological Association. 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000061-010
Aldwin, C. M., Igarashi, H., Gilmer, D. F., & Levenson, M. R. (2017). Health, illness, and optimal aging: Biological and psychosocial perspectives. Springer Publishing Company.
Beck, A. J., & Harrison, P. M. (1991). Prisoners in 2000. change, 6(51,640), 49-153. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/p00.pdf
Bedard, R., Metzger, L., & Williams, B. (2016). Ageing prisoners: An introduction to geriatric health-care challenges in correctional facilities. International Review of the Red Cross, 98(903), 917-939. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383117000364
Berlim M.T., Fleck M.P. (2007) Quality of Life and Major Depression. In: Ritsner M.S., Awad A.G. (eds) Quality of Life Impairment in Schizophrenia, Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5779-3_12
Birren, J. E., & Schaie, K. W. (2006). Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, 6th edn, 261–287. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Catherine-Bowen/publication/234013321_Aging_in_the_Work_Context/links/5f75d61092851c14bca48371/Aging-in-the-Work-Context.pdf
Blazer, D. G., Hybels, C. F., & Pieper, C. F. (2001). The association of depression and mortality in elderly persons: A case for multiple, independent pathways. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56(8), M505–M509. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.8.M505
Brown, A. D. (2017). Identity work and organizational identification. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(3), 296-317. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318656583_Identity_Work_and_Organizational_Identification
Chiu, T. (2016). It’s about time: Aging prisoners, increasing costs, and geriatric release. https://www.vera.org/downloads/Publications/its-about-time-aging-prisoners-increasing-costs-and-geriatric-release/legacy_downloads/Its-about-time-aging-prisoners-increasing-costs-and-geriatric-release.pdf
Comfort, M., McKay, T., Landwehr, J., Kennedy, E., Lindquist, C., & Bir, A. (2016). The costs of incarceration for families of prisoners. International Review of the Red Cross, 98(903), 783-798. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383117000704
Friedman H. S. (2000). Long-term relations of personality and health: dynamisms, mechanisms, tropisms. Journal of personality, 68(6), 1089–1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00127
Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1991-97723-000
Fujita, K., Carnevale, J. J., & Trope, Y. (2018). Understanding self-control as a whole vs. part dynamic. Neuroethics, 11(3), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-016-9250-2
Halsey M, Deegan S. (2017) In Search of Generativity in Prison Officer Work: Balancing Care and Control in Custodial Settings. The Prison Journal. 97(1), 52-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885516679380
Hess, T. M. (2006). Attitudes toward aging and their effects on behavior. In Handbook of the psychology of aging, Academic Press. 379-406. https://projects.ncsu.edu/psychology/graduate/conc/develop/adultdevelopment/docs/research/Hess-(2006)-Handbook-Chapter.pdf
Hummert, M. L. (2011). Age stereotypes and aging. In K. W. Schaie & S. L. Willis (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging, Elsevier Academic Press. 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-380882-0.00016-4
Ibsen, A. Z. (2013). Ruling by Favors: Prison Guards’ Informal Exercise of Institutional Control. Law & Social Inquiry, 38(2), 342–363. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24545901
Kawachi, I., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P. S., & Weiss, S. T. (1994). Symptoms of anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease. The Normative Aging Study. Circulation, 90(5), 2225–2229. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.90.5.2225
Khurana, H., & Raj, A. (2018). Aging and suicide. In B. Vijaya Prasad & S. Akbar (Eds.), Handbook of research on geriatric health, treatment, and care, IGI Publishing/IGI Global. 409–429. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3480-8.ch023
Kiriakidis, S. (2015). Elderly suicide: risk factors and preventive strategies. Annals of Gerontology and Geriatric Research, 2(2), 1-6. https://www.jscimedcentral.com/Gerontology/gerontology-2-1028.pdf
Lespérance, F., Frasure-Smith, N., Talajic, M., & Bourassa, M. G. (2002). Five-year risk of cardiac mortality in relation to initial severity and one-year changes in depression symptoms after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 105(9), 1049–1053. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc0902.104707
Liebling, A. (1999). Doing research in prison: Breaking the silence?. Theoretical Criminology, 3(2), 147-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480699003002002
Loeb, S. J., & Abudagga, A. (2006). Health-related research on older inmates: an integrative review. Research in nursing & health, 29(6), 556–565. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20177
Mroczek, D. K., Spiro, A. III, & Griffin, P. W. (2006). Personality and Aging. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaire (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging, Elsevier. 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012101264-9/50019-7
Metzner J. L. (2002). Class action litigation in correctional psychiatry. The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 30(1), 19–32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11931366/
Mitchell, A. J., & Dennis, M. (2006). Self-harm and attempted suicide in adults: 10 practical questions and answers for emergency department staff. Emergency medicine journal: EMJ, 23(4), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2005.027250
Owen, G., Fulton, R., & Markusen, E. (1982-1983). Death at a distance: A study of family survivors. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 13(3), 191–225. https://doi.org/10.2190/2pw7-arq8-y4l8-b3yw
Psick, Z., Simon, J., Brown, R., & Ahalt, C. (2017). Older and incarcerated: policy implications of aging prison populations. International journal of prisoner health, 13(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-09-2016-0053
Ricciardelli, R., & Perry, K. (2016). Responsivity in practice: Prison officer to prisoner communication in Canadian provincial prisons. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 32(4), 401–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986216660004
Perissinotto, C. M., Stijacic Cenzer, I., & Covinsky, K. E. (2012). Loneliness in older persons: a predictor of functional decline and death. Archives of internal medicine, 172(14), 1078–1083. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.1993
Schaie, K. W., & Willis, S. L. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of the psychology of aging (7th ed.). Elsevier Academic Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-26788-000
Spiro, A. III. (2007). The Relevance of a Lifespan Developmental Approach to Health. In C. M. Aldwin, C. L. Park, & A. Spiro III (Eds.), Handbook of health psychology and aging, The Guilford Press. 75–93. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-03414-005
Viotti S. (2016). Work-related stress among correctional officers: A qualitative study. Work (Reading, Mass.), 53(4), 871–884. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-152238
World Health Organization. (2017). WHO guidelines on integrated care for older people (ICOPE). WHO World Health Organization, Geneva. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550109
Williams, B. A., Goodwin, J. S., Baillargeon, J., Ahalt, C., & Walter, L. C. (2012). Addressing the aging crisis in U.S. criminal justice health care. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(6), 1150–1156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03962.x
Woo, Y., Stohr, M. K., Hemmens, C., Lutze, F., Hamilton, Z., & Yoon, O. K. (2016). An empirical test of the social support paradigm on male inmate society. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 40(2), 145-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2015.1089518
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Gulshan ALIYEVA